水氮耦合下小桐子的生长特性及其根区土壤的水氮迁移
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国家自然科学基金项目(51379004);云南省高校特色作物高效用水与绿色生产重点实验室项目(KKPS201923009)


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    摘要:

    采用3个滴灌灌水水平(10、20、30 mm,分别记为W1、W2、W3)和3个施氮水平(尿素)(0、90、180 g/株,分别记为N0、N1、N2)的耦合方式对1年生小桐子进行灌溉和施肥处理,研究小桐子的生理生长特性,并探索小桐子根区土壤的水氮迁移规律。结果表明:水氮耦合对小桐子的株高、茎粗和生物量具有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响,且二者间存在着一定的互作效应;在W1低水处理下,施加适量的氮肥可促进小桐子的生长和干物质积累;当灌水水平相同时,N1处理的小桐子的茎粗、株高和所测生物量指标值均较大;当施氮水平相同时,W2处理的小桐子的茎粗、株高和所测生物量指标值均较大;纵向上,2016年6、9月根系所在中层(>20~40 cm)土壤含水率均值最高,深层(>40~60 cm)的其次,浅层(0~20 cm)的最小,2017年6、9月各土层深度水分分布比较均匀,在施氮处理(N1、N2)下,2016年6月深层土壤的硝态氮质量分数随着灌水水平的增加而提高,W3处理对比W1和W2处理更容易导致硝态氮的淋失;横向上,距树干10 cm测量点的硝态氮质量分数始终低于距树干30 cm测量点的,2016年6、9月水分的横向分布保持与硝态氮的分布规律一致,处理1年后由于小桐子须根生长,受导流作用影响,使得2017年6、9月水分在中层土壤中横向分布发生改变。在本研究条件下,施尿素90 g和滴灌20 mm灌水水平的处理为有利于小桐子生长的最优水氮耦合处理。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the physiological growth characteristics of annual seedling of Jatropha curcas and explore the law of water and nitrogen transfer in the root soil of Jatropha curcas under three drip irrigation levels, 10 mm(W1), 20 mm(W2) and 30 mm(W3), and three nitrogen(urea) levels, 0 g(N0), 90 g(N1) and 180g(N3) pre tree were applied. The results showed that the coupling of water and nitrogen had significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01) effects on the plant height, stem diameter and biomass of Jatropha curcas with some interaction effects between them. Under W1 treatment, the growth and dry matter accumulation could be promoted by applying appropriate nitrogen fertilizer. The values of stem diameter, plant height and measured biomass of N1 were larger than those of the others treatments when only considering the N treatment, while for the irrigation condition, W2 group had larger values of stem diameter, plant height and measured biomass. Longitudinally, the mean water content achieved the peak in the middle layer(>20-40 cm) from the 2016 June and September root, followed by the deep layer(>40-60 cm) and the shallow layer(0-20 cm). The water distribution was more uniform across soil depths in June and September 2017. Under nitrogen treatment(N1, N2), the mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen in the deep soil layer in June 2016 increased over the increasing of irrigation level, and W3 treatment was more likely to lead to nitrate nitrogen leaching than W1 and W2 treatment. Horizontally, the mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen at the measuring point 10 cm away from the trunk was lower than that at the 30 cm away from the trunk. The horizontal distribution of water keeps the same distribution rule with nitrate nitrogen in June and September, 2016. In June and September, 2017, due to the diversion of Jatropha curcas fibrous roots, the horizontal distribution of water in the middle soil changed. Based on the study, we concluded that the treatment with 90 g per tree of urea and 20 mm of drip irrigation level was the optimal treatment for the growth of Jatropha curcas.

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苗为伟,杨启良,熊凯,韩焕豪,刘小刚,周平,曹春号.水氮耦合下小桐子的生长特性及其根区土壤的水氮迁移[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2021,47(5):.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-11-02
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