To elucidate the composition and biological functions of the CrRLK1L gene family in foxtail millet(Setaria italica), the CrRLK1L family members were identified and analyzed based on the foxtail millet genome information. The expression patterns of these genes under abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, and low temperature were also investigated. The results showed that a total of 29 CrRLK1L genes(SiCrRLK1L) were identified, exhibiting high sequence conservation, which implied potential functional redundancy among members. Compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, the CrRLK1L family shared a closer phylogenetic relationship with rice(Oryza sativa), suggesting monocot-specific evolutionary conservation. Most SiCrRLK1L genes displayed elevated expression levels in root tissues, indicating pronounced tissue specificity, possibly associated with root development and stress perception. An abundance of stress-related cis-regulatory elements, such as drought stress were identified in the SiCrRLK1L family, supporting their role in abiotic stress adaptation. SiCrRLK1L7, SiCrRLK1L23, SiCrRLK1L25 and SiCrRLK1L27 were significantly regulated under drought, low temperature(4 ℃) and high temperature(37 ℃) stresses, exhibiting distinct temporal expression patterns.