In order to explore the effects of different water treatments and nitrogen application levels and their interactions on CH4 emissions and soil organic carbon components of double-cropping rice, this study used early rice ‘Zhuliangyou 819’ and late rice ‘Taiyou 390’ as test materials, and set up a two-factor split plot experiment with water and nitrogen fertilizer. Water treatment was the main area, with two levels of conventional irrigation(W1) and water-saving irrigation(W2), nitrogen fertilizer treatment was the sub-area, with the nitrogen amount of 0(N0), 120(N1), 150(N2), 180(N3) kg/hm2, CH4 emission flux, cumulative emissions, soil organic carbon(SOC), soluble organic carbon(WSOC), and biomass carbon(MBC) contents of different treatments were compared and analyzed, and the correlation between CH4 emission and soil organic carbon component content was analyzed. The results showed that compared with W1, W2 treatment effectively reduced CH4 emissions from rice fields, and W2N1 and W2N2 treatments showed better CH4 emission reduction effects; and with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer levels, CH4 emissions increased. W2 promoted the accumulation of soil organic carbon components. Especially at N2 level, SOC, WSOC and MBC contents were the highest, and the effect of W2N2 treatment was the most significant. There was a very significant positive correlation between CH4 emissions from rice fields and WSOC and MBC contents, but no significant correlation with soil SOC content. Comprehensive analysis shows that Adopting water-saving irrigation model combined with 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment can effectively reduce CH4 emissions from rice fields while maintaining high soil organic carbon content, which is conducive to green and efficient rice production in Hunan's dual-cropping rice region.