Based on the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) model, the soil erosion modulus in the Panxi region from 1990 to 2020 were calculated and classified. The spatiotemporal dynamic changes and influencing factors of soil erosion in the region over the past three decades were analyzed using Sen’s slope, Mann-Kendall test, and geographic detector model. The results revealed that over 60% of the soil erosion intensities in the Panxi region were classified as micro or mild, with an overall erosion level classified as moderate. The southern region showed a wider distribution range and more severe erosion compared to the north. The slope and significance test indicated strong stability in soil erosion across the region, with 16.58% of the area showing no change and 77.54% experiencing no significant change in erosion. Only 1.51% of area showed significant deterioration. The impact of various factors on the formation of soil erosion spatial layout varied considerably. Slope had the highest explanatory power at 17.86%, while annual precipitation had the lowest at only 2.48%. Among the factors driving its pattern change, land use type had the highest explanatory power at 8.64%. These findings suggested that the overall trend of soil erosion in the Panxi region had been positive. While natural factors primarily determined its layout, human activities played a crucial role in driving changes in erosion patterns.