The treated rape straw fiber was cut into 4 lengths of 10-15 mm, >15-20 mm, >20-25 mm and >25-30 mm, and mixed into the rape straw fiber concrete with the volume content of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% for each fiber length respectively, which were used to carry out the freeze-thaw cycle test. The apparent morphology of the rape straw fiber reinforced concrete was observed for 25, 50, 75 and 100 freeze-thaw cycles, and its mass and dynamic elastic modulus were measured. The effects of the length and volume content of the rape straw fiber on the freeze-resistance of concrete were studied, to predict the service life of rape straw fiber reinforced concrete. The results showed that the concrete had the strongest anti-stripping ability, when the length of rape straw fiber was larger than >15-20 mm and the volume content was 0.2%. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, its relative dynamic elastic modulus was the largest of 93.1% with the best freezing resistance, which was 34.4% higher than that of ordinary concrete. Both Weibull distribution model and one-dimensional quadratic function model could well reflect the freeze-thaw damage process of the rape straw fiber reinforced concrete. The fitting accuracy of one-dimensional quadratic function model is greater than 0.98. Considering only the effect of freeze-thaw deterioration, the service life of the rape straw fiber reinforced concrete with the best freeze-resistance was about 2.4 times that of ordinary concrete, which could meet the service life of 16.7 years in Harbin, 17.3 years in Lasha, 36.7 years in Shijiazhuang, 136.1 years in in Changsha, 189.3 years in Shanghai.