In order to learn about the effects of exogenous addition of Citrobacter sp. on rice resistance to cadmium stress, a pot experiment was carried out on the potted rices treated by Citrobacter sp XT1-2-2 suspension(test group) and no suspension(control group). The effects of strain XT1-2-2 on the Cd uptake, transport, subcellular distribution and physiological characteristics(soluble sugar and ascorbic acid) of tillering ricewere analyzed when the rice treated by three concentrations(0, 5, 10 mg/kg) of Cd. The results showed that compared with the control group, the Cd mass fractions of rice roots, stems and leaves were significantly decreased after the XT1-2-2 treatment; the transport coefficient between roots and stems was significantly lower than that of the control when treated with 0, 5 mg/kg of Cd; the mass fractions of Cd in the cell wall, cell membrane and soluble part of rice roots treated with strain XT1-2-2 were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the distribution proportion of Cd in the root cell wall was increased, while the distribution proportion of Cd in the soluble part was decreased; the mass fractions of soluble sugar in rice stems and leaves treated with XT1-2-2 were significantly lower than those of the control; the mass fractions of ascorbic acid in rice stems and leaves treated with XT1-2-2 were significantly higher than those of the control, and the mass fraction of ascorbic acid increase with increase in the mass concentration of Cd treatment. In conclusion, the application of Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 reduced the uptake of Cd in rice tissues at the tillering stage, affected the transport of Cd between roots and stems and the distribution ratio of Cd in root subcellular, the mass fractions of soluble sugar in stems and leaves decreased, and the mass fractions of ascorbic acid in stems and leaves increased, thus enhancing the resistance of rice to Cd stress effectively.