In this study, we analysed the diversity characteristics and distribution laws of 10 quality traits of 360 Brassica napus from 2018 to 2021 to evaluate the quality traits of Brassica napus resources. Variation coefficients, Shannon- weaver information index cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics. The diversity index of quality traits of 360 Brassica napus germplasm ranged from 0.55 to 1.52. They were all greater than 1.00 except for contents of glucosinolate, erucic acid and arachidonic acid. And the coefficient of variation ranges from 9.79% to 181.49%. The diversities of oil, protein, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents were rich. Cluster analysis divided the germplasm resources into three groups: the first group had lower average values of glucosinolate and erucic acid contents, but higher oil and oleic acid contents, that was, it met the “double low” as a whole, and then considered both high oleic acid and high oil content. The second group had higher glucosinolate and oleic acid contents and lower oil content. The third group had lower oil and oleic acid contents, but the contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid were higher than the first two groups. Principal component analysis classified 10 traits into four principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.009%, indicating that the four principal components contained most of the information of quality traits. The average F value of the comprehensive score of quality traits in Brassica napus was 1.039. The correlation analysis showed that 8 quality traits(contents of glucosinolate, protein, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and erucic acid) were significantly correlated with F value, which indicated that the eight quality traits could be selected as evaluation indexes of germplasm resources. Oleic acid content was significantly positively correlated with oil content and negatively correlated with protein content, which indicated oil content, oleic acid and protein could be used as the preliminary judgment criteria for breeding new high-quality rape varieties.