By using the ‘Ganxin688’ ‘Liangyoupeijiu’ ‘Jinyou463’ and ‘Luliangyou996’ as experiment materials, the relationship between root morphological structure, dynamic growth and ecophysiological parameters of rice was investigated during different growth stages. Three dimensional dynamic growth model of rice roots based on the root topological pattern was proposed by analyzing the morphological parameters, quantifying their biological significance and structural characteristics, including the determination of rooting time, rooting position, growth rate and growth direction. The correlation analysis was carried out between the simulated values and the measured values. The value of Nash efficiency coefficient, RMSE and Mean Bias ranged from 0.811 to 0.899, 0.121 to 0.135, and 0.125 to 0.137, respectively. It shows that the established model has a higher accuracy. A 3D visualization of the growth simulation system of rice roots is implemented via Visual C++ and the OpenGL standard library on the basis of algorithms for the constructed 3D rice root growth model. The fitting degree and error were analyzed for the adventitious roots, the primary branching roots, the secondary branching roots and the tertiary branching roots, which show that the average simulation fitting degrees reaches 89.36%, 90.12%, 90.86% and 91.75%, respectively.