Aiming at the problem of single recognition method, large influence by target color and poor adaptive function for the recognition and sorting system of intelligent-1 type Camellia sheller manufactured by Fengke Forestry Equipment Technology Co. Ltd, a new recognition and sorting system method of the shell and the seed was established based on the reduction of multi-features dimension for Camellia. Six dimensional of morphological and color features was extracted in Camellia shell/seed. According to the characteristics of these features, a dimension reduction method is proposed to ensure the recognition efficiency of the algorithm. The dimension reduction method is integrated into the artificial immune network algorithm for multi-features dimension reduction identification. Camellia fruits of drying 3 d and 12 d with obvious color characteristics were selected for collection and sorting, respectively. Through dimension reduction optimization, the average recognition rate of 2-component, 4-component and 6-component for drying 3 d samples reached 70%, 80% and 90%, and 50%, 60% and 75% for drying 12 d. The average recognition time was 60 ms, 350 ms and 450 ms in 3 d, and 80 ms, 420 ms and 480 ms in 12 d.