In order to screen out the fast-growing and high-quality mushroom materials for edible fungi cultivation, 17 kinds of fungus-growing materials selected from 13 families and 17 genera collected in northern Guizhou, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Cinnamomum cassia, Fagus longipetiolata and Sinowilsonia henryi. These selected test materials were subjected to determine the content of carbon components, mineral elements, and other inclusions in each fungus-growing material. The test and analysis showed that the cellulose content of 17 kinds of fungus-growing materials was 35%-53%, hemicellulose content was 15%-29%, lignin content was 18%-30%, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc content were 602-3270, 1080-7590, 14-304, 153-905, 0.83-3.31, 1.71-106.00, 2.00-15.00 mg/kg, the pH value was 4.24-6.72, pectin content was 5.78-12.40 g/kg, total flavonoids content was 93.6-4262.8 mg/kg, tannin content was 0.01%-9.16%. Lignocellulose and mineral elements were beneficial to the growth and development of edible fungi, while tannin, pectin, total flavonoids and inappropriate pH played the opposite role. Comprehensive analysis showed that liquidambar, cinnamon, beech, hovenia dulcis thunb, kulang tree and cyclobalanopsis glauca were more suitable as mushroom materials, while horse mulberry, pear and robinia pseudoacacia were not suitable for cultivating edible fungi.