In this study, early maturing direct seeding cotton variety JX0010 were selected to serve the experimental material to explore the effect of the new spheroidized seedling raising technology on the emergence and growth characteristics of cotton seedlings. The cotton seeds were spheroidized with cassava modified benign starch, bentonite, diatomite, attapulgite and seedling substrate. The pot experiment was carried out with the non spheroidized seeds as the control. The results showed that the emergence rate of cotton seeds after spheroidizing treatment was 95.83%-100.00%, the emergence hole rate was 100.00%, and the emergence rate was 33.33%-50.00%. Compared with the control, the emergence rates were increased by 16.67%-33.33%, 8.33%-33.33%, 16.66%-25.00% respectively; The SPAD value of cotton seedlings after spheroidizing treatment was 42.48; Compared with the control, the indexes of SOD activity, POD activity, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, nitrate reductase content, root activity, plant height, dry quality and fresh quality of cotton seedlings treated with spheroidization were significantly improved. The malondialdehyde content of cotton seedlings treated with seed spheroidization was significantly lower than that of the control.In conclusion, the cotton seed spheroidization could significantly improve the emergence rate of cotton and improve the growth quality of cotton seedlings.