In order to address the problems of excessive fertilizer consumption and difficulty on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rape production, the cultivation techniques of reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides were inverstigated to provide insight to rape planting. Xiangyou 420 was used as material, and 6 fertilization treatments including no fertilization(CK), 15% reduction of slow-release fertilizer(SCF-15%), 30% reduction of slow-release fertilizer (SCF-30%), 50% reduction of slow-release fertilizer(SCF-50%), total application of slow-release fertilizer(SCF) and farmer's conventional fertilization treatment(NCF) and the six treatments combined with silicon fertilizer were set up on the basis of the corresponding treatments. The agronomic traits, yield traits and resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of rape were compared and analyzed and the effects of slow-release fertilizer and silicon fertilizer on rape yield and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance were explored. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization and full application of slow release fertilizer, rape seedling leaf number, harvest plant height, primary effective branch number and root neck diameter could reach a higher level under 15% and 30% reduction of slow release fertilizer, and the application of silicon fertilizer had no significant effect on the growth of rape at seedling stage and the main agronomic characters at harvest stage. There were no significant differences in the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 1000-grain mass, harvest density and yield among all slow-release fertilizer treatments. The 1000-grain weight and yield of rape treated with silicon increased in different degrees compared with the same amount of fertilizer treatments without silicon, and the yield was the highest in the treatment of slow-release fertilizer reduction of 15% combined with silicon fertilizer. The application of silicon fertilizer significantly reduced the natural incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by 47.21%, enhanced the resistance of rape to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Comprehensive analysis showed that under the mode of mechanical direct seeding of winter rape, one-time basal application of 765 kg/hm2(N-P-K：191.25-53.55-61.20 kg/hm2) slow-release fertilizer combined with 600 mL/hm2 foliar silicon fertilizer could significantly enhance rape resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, maintain higher rape yield, and achieve the goal of reducing weight and increasing yield.