In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine the volatile components in the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth var. officinalis (Dode) Huang in six periods(Mid-july, late July, mid-August, early September, late September and mid-October). The volatile components were identified by NIST spectrum database retrieval and combined with literature. The results showed that a total of 72 volatile components were identified from the fruits of E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis from six periods, 47 of which were common components from different periods. The percentage of terpenoids was 51.39%. The content proportion of sesquiterpenoids went to the summit in early September. The proportion of monoterpenoids reached the peak in mid-August. The compounds with high content were cis-β-ocimene, β-Myrcene, and β-Phellandrene, the total content of three compounds achieved to the summit in mid-August, suggesting this time point was the optimal time for harvesting.