Using Oryza sativa cv. N22 as materials, a total of 47 differentially expressed sensitive genes were screened from anthers and pollinated pistils of rice under heat stress and combined heat and drought stresses by database retrieval and literature mining. The expression patterns and bioinformatics analysis of sensitive genes were performed. The results show that: (1) 47 sensitive genes were mainly enriched in HSP20, HSP70, Tetratricopeptide repeat, ClpA/B, DnaJ, FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain and EF-hand protein domains, and most of them were up-regulated in anthers and pollinated pistils under heat stress and combined heat and drought stresses, which were beneficial to the resistance of rice floral organs to stress-induced intracellular protein damage. (2) 47 sensitive genes were mainly involved in some stress-related biological processes and metabolic pathways. In addition, the sensitive genes were also related to HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors and protein methylation. (3) Based on prediction, 28 possible upstream miRNAs of 13 sensitive genes were obtained and miR164, miR156 and miR5162 might be the key miRNAs that play an important role in fertility, heading, senescence and phospholipid metabolism during rice reproduction.