In order to accurately reappear the dynamic changes of soil moisture covered by pine needle, one-dimensional soil column vertical infiltration experiments were performed with 3 different pine needle coverage levels(0.29, 0.58, 0.87 g/cm2 denoted as F1, F2, F3) and 1 bare soil control group(F0). The simulation of the infiltration process was based on the van Genuchten model, and the corresponding hydraulic characteristic parameters of the model were set according to the characteristics of the pine needle layers, and the infiltration and evaporation process of the soil column was simulated using HYDRUS-1D software. The experimental results showed that compared with F0, the soil evaporation of pine needle mulch treatments F1, F2 and F3 decreased with the increase of the thickness of the pine needle mulch. The pine needle mulch treatments showed a strong inhibitory effect on the reduction of soil moisture. The water inside the pine needle mulch was preferentially evaporated, therefore F3 maintained the highest period evaporation and cumulative evaporation of the 3 coverage treatments and the period evaporation showed a trend of gradually decreasing over time in the period of 0-300 min. The spatial distribution of soil water contents were mainly different in the shallow soil above 5 cm. At the end of the experiment, as compared with F0, the soil surface water contents of F1, F2 and F3 increased by 67.3%, 94.9% and 110.2%, respectively. At a depth from 7.5 to 17.5 cm, compared with F0, the soil water contents of F1, F2 and F3 were higher, but the difference among them were not signifcant. Although the soil water contents were similar for the four treatments under 20 cm, the depth of the wetting front showed a gradual increase over the coverage increase. The root mean squared errors between the simulated values of the HYDRUS-1D model and the measured values were lower than 0.025, and their correlation coefficients were higher than 0.6, which indicated the simulation fitted well.