重庆江津区自产大米和玉米中重金属的健康风险评价
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国家自然科学基金项目(41502329、41602124);重庆市教育委员会科学技术计划青年基金项目(KJQN201900519);贵州省教育厅基金项目(黔教合KY字[2020]100);遵义师范学院博士基金项目(遵师BS[2018]07号、遵师BS[2020]5号)


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    摘要:

    以重庆市江津区为研究区,采集2019年生产的63份大米籽粒和64份玉米籽粒,用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP–MS)和原子荧光光谱仪(AFS)测定大米和玉米籽粒中砷(As)、钡(Ba)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、镍(Ni)和锌(Zn)的质量分数,并利用环境健康风险模型评价江津区大米和玉米中重金属的健康风险。结果表明:江津区大米和玉米籽粒中As最大质量分数分别为176.0、162.8 μg/kg,低于国家食品卫生As标准(<200 μg/kg);江津区3份大米和6份玉米样品中Cd质量分数超过国家食品卫生Cd标准(大米Cd质量分数<200 μg/kg、玉米Cd质量分数<100 μg/kg);大米籽粒中As和Mo质量分数均值显著高于玉米籽粒的(P<0.05),Cd质量分数均值略高于玉米籽粒的;大米籽粒中As、Cu、Mn和Zn的单因子污染指数均小于1,属于清洁水平,3份大米籽粒样品中Cd属于轻度污染;大米和玉米籽粒重金属综合污染指数分别为1.09和1.57,属于轻度污染,江津区玉米籽粒中重金属污染程度大于大米籽粒;大米籽粒中重金属As和Cd的致癌风险分别占健康总风险的82.7%和16.8%,表明江津区大米籽粒中As含量虽低于国家食品卫生标准安全值,但其健康风险较高,其次为Cd。可见,重庆地区需重点监控农作物中As和Cd的健康风险。

    Abstract:

    To evaluate content characteristic and health risk of heavy metal in rice and corn from Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, sixty-three rice samples and sixty-four corn samples were collected from 2019 and analyzed by ICP-MS and AFS. The arsenic(As), barium(Ba), cadmium(Cd), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), molybdenum(Mo), nickel(Ni) and zinc(Zn) were took into account. The health risk of heavy metal was evaluated using environmental health risk assessment model. The results showed that the maximum mass fraction of As in rice and corn were 176.0, 162.8 μg/kg, respectively, which were lower than that of national food hygiene standards(<200 μg/kg). The Cd content in three rice samples and six corn samples were exceeded the national food hygiene standard(Cd mass fraction of rice<200 μg/kg, Cd mass fraction of corn<100 μg/kg). The mean value of mass fractions of As and Mo in rice were significant higher than those of corn, while the mean value of mass fractions of Cd in rice was slightly above that of corn. The single factor pollution indexes of As, Cu, Mn and Zn in rice were less than 1.0 with clean level. The pollution level of Cd in three rice samples were slight. The synthetic index of heavy metal in rice and corn were 1.09 and 1.57, reaching the slight pollution, and heavy metal contamination of corn was higher than that of rice. The carcinogenic risk of As and Cd in rice accounted for 82.7% and 16.8% of total health risk, indicating that the heavy metal of maximum potential risk was As, the second was Cd. The results together indicated that the content and health risk of As and Cd in crops from area of Chongqing should be given strengthened surveillance.

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袁余洋,刘属灵,刘永林,王瑛.重庆江津区自产大米和玉米中重金属的健康风险评价[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2021,47(6):.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-12-28
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