In this study, nine bamboo species, including Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure cv. spectabilis, Phyllostachys edulis(Carr.) H. de Leha，Phyllostachys vivax McClure cv. aureocaulis, Bambusa multiplex(Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult, Bambusa multiplex(Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. f. fernleaf, Bambusa multiplex(Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. var. riviereorum, Pleioblastus gramineus(Bean) Nakai, Pleioblastus chino(Franch. et Savat.) var. hisauchii and Pseudosasa amabilis(McClure) Keng f. were used as materials. After natural drought treatment, the water content, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, malonyldialdehyde(MDA) content, peroxidase(POD) activity, catalase(CAT) activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity of bamboo leaves were measured. Drought resistance coefficient method, fuzzy membership function method and principal component analysis method were used to calculate the drought resistance measurement value(D value) and the drought resistance levels of 9 bamboo species were classified by cluster analysis. At the same time, the grey relation analysis method was used to determine the correlation degree between each index and bamboo drought resistance. The drought resistance of the nine bamboo species could be divided into 3 categories, including Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii and Phyllostachys vivax cv. aureocaulis as category 1, this kind of bamboo has strong drought resistance; Pseudosasa amabilis, Pleioblastus gramineus, Bambusa multiplex var. riviereorum and Phyllostachys aureosulcata cv. spectabilis as category 2, this kind of bamboo has moderate drought resistance; Bambusa multiplex, Phyllostachys edulis and Bambusa multiplex as category 3, this kind of bamboo has poor drought resistance. Leaf water content was mostly associated with drought resistance, followed by catalase(CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, peroxidase(POD) activity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, leaf damage grade and proline content.