To explore the regulation effect of internode traits and lodging resistance on nitrogen fertilizer of different types of wheat plants, two types of wheat varieties, the lodging resistance type and the lodging prone type, were used as materials to study the differences of basal internode traits and lodging resistance on the regulatory changes of nitrogen fertilizer with two treatments, pure nitrogen 180 kg/hm2(N180) and 240 kg/hm2(N240). The results showed that the lodging resistance index of lodging prone wheat varieties average decreased by 35.98%, and that of lodging resistance wheat varieties average decreased by 1.12%, for the two nitrogen treatment, 180 kg/hm2 and 240 kg/hm2 respectively. The difference of lodging resistance of lodging prone wheat was greater than that of lodging resistant wheat at different nitrogen levels. The internode diameter, hemicellulose content, cellulose content, K element content and parenchyma thickness of the plant treated with lodging prone wheat N240 were significantly lower than those treated with N180, the decline of the 5 parameters were 12.60%, 16.36%, 19.04%, 34.59%, 27.48%; Compared with the N180 treatment, the basal internode diameter, hemicellulose content, cellulose content, K element content and parenchyma thickness of the lodging resistance wheat N240 decreased by 5.13%, 7.97%, 3.74%, 26.73% and 15.70%, respectively. The internode flexural strength, acupuncture power, lignin content and large vascular bundle area of the plant treated with easy lodging wheat N240 were significantly lower than those of N180 treatment, while the above 4 parameters of lodging resistant wheat showed no significant difference between the two nitrogen application levels. Compared with N180 treatment, the number of small vascular bundles at the basal of the plants was significantly reduced, and the number of lodging resistance wheat varieties was significantly increased under N240 treatment. Compared with N180 treatment, the number of small vascular bundles at the basal internode of the lodging prone wheat variety N240 treatment plant decreased significantly, and the lodging resistance type wheat variety significantly increased. Compared with lodging resistant cultivars, lodging prone cultivars were sensitive to N application. It could conclude that increasing nitrogen fertilizer application changed the influence of lodging prone wheat plant basal internode resistance, needling force, lignin content, area of large vascular bundle and number of small vascular bundles, thus reduced lodging resistance of the lodging prone type wheat.