A method for detecting the residues of haloxyfop-p-methyl and its metabolite haloxyfop-p in rapeseed was developed by recovery test. From 2018 to 2019, the final residue test of haloxyfop-p-methyl was carried out in Jiyuan of Henan, Hefei of Anhui, Hangzhou of Zhejiang, Wuhan of Hubei, Changsha of Hunan, Pengzhou of Sichuan, Kunming of Yunnan and Nanning of Guangxi, and the its dietary intake risk was then assessed. Ultrasonic extraction with acetonitrile, purification with Florisil column, combined with high performance liquid chromatography determination of haloxyfop- p-methyl in rapeseed samples were applied, while extraction with NaOH-methanol mixed solution, purified with n-propyl ethylenediamine, combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of haloxyfop-p in rapeseed samples were applied. It was shown that the average recoveries of haloxyfop-p-methyl and haloxyfop-p in rapeseed were 77%-87% and 77%-100% respectively at three spiked concentration levels of 0.05, 0.30, 3.00 mg/kg, with the relative standard deviations were 6%-13% and 1%-8% respectively. When applying the dosage of the 48% haloxyfop-p-methyl emulsifiable concentrate was 0.011 g/m2, the residues of haloxyfop-p-methyl and its metabolite haloxyfop-p were less than 0.05 mg/kg at the rapeseed mature stage, and the total amount was less than 0.10 mg/kg. It is recommended that the maximum residue limit of haloxyfop-p-methyl in rapeseed is 0.10 mg/kg. The national estimate of haloxyfop-p-methyl in the general population is 0.046 56 mg per day, accounting for 105.58% of the daily allowable intake, which may pose unacceptable risk to the health of the general population.