In order to investigate the effects of different cultivation methods on soil bacterial diversity, we analyzed the bacterial community diversity at different depths under ridge and box cultivation using the high-throughput sequencing technique of Illumina Hiseq. The composition, abundance, Alpha diversity and diversity of microflora in 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm depth of soil were taken into accounts. In addition, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the correlation between the dominant flora and soil temperature and humidity, and to explore the relationship between soil microorganisms and crop cultivation methods. The results showed that: (1) the soil temperature of ridge planting was 0.1-0.7 ℃ higher than that of box planting in seedling stage, while the soil temperature of ridge planting was 0.2-1.2 ℃ lower than that of box planting in maturation stage; (2) the total number of OTU was 2814 in the soil samples of different depths, in which Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospiraceae were the dominant flora (relative abundance>5%); (3) the abundance index of soil bacteria (Shannon index and Simpson index) in ridge cropping was significantly higher than that in box cropping(P<0.05); (4) soil temperature and humidity had no significant effect on soil microbes of 10 cm, but had effect on soil microbes of 20-30 cm, and the relative content of acid bacilli had significant positive correlation with soil temperature. In conclusion, the ridge culture of rape is beneficial to regulate soil temperature and humidity and canimprove soil micro-environment and promote soil microbial diversity.