One hundred main varieties of upland cotton were investigated by collecting 12 indicators of the germplasm resources, including plant height, fruit branch number, boll number, boll quality, lint, sub-finger, lint yield, upper half average length, and length uniformity index, breaking strength, breaking elongation, micronaire value. These indicators were subject to correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis in order to evaluate the germplasm resources of the tested varieties. The results showed that the variation of yield traits of 100 materials was large, and the variation of quality traits was small; the quality of single bolls had a very significant positive correlation with the number of bolls and lint yield; and there was a significant positive correlation with the lint; the upper half average length was significant positive correlation between length uniformity and breaking ratio strength, and a very significant negative correlation with breaking elongation and micronaire value; the first four principal components represent the 12 quantitative traits of 100 cotton varieties. With 68.12% of the information, the contribution rates were 22.934%, 22.377%, 13.169% and 9.641% respectively; when the euclidean distance was 10.01, the 100 test varieties could be divided into six categories. Based on the above analysis, this batch of germplasm had diverse types with average performance on the studied traits. This results indicated that we should mainly improve the fiber quality of this batch of materials for breeding research in future.