In this study, two factors including temperature(7 constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30 and 35 ℃; 5 day/night temperature conditions of 35 ℃→25 ℃, 30 ℃→20 ℃, 28 ℃→15 ℃, 25 ℃→15 ℃, 20 ℃→10 ℃) and sowing depth(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 cm) were reasonably set for cultivation of Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. through artificial climate incubator. Seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, germination rate, vigor index and survive number of seedling, number of lateral roots, number of leaves, main root length, maximum lateral root length, plant height, base diameter, leaf area per seedling, fresh weight and seedling survival rate were determined to study the effects of temperature and sowing depth on seed germination and seedling establishment of Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. The study found that seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, base diameter, main root length, number of lateral roots, maximum lateral root length, leaf area per seedling, fresh weight and seedling survival rate all reached the maximum at constant temperature of 28 ℃, 28 ℃→15 ℃ day/night changing temperature, and sowing depth of 2 cm. Integrative evaluation of the influence of the two factors on seed germination and seedling establishment showed that temperature is the dominant factor affecting seed germination rate, germination potential and germination rate and sowing depth is the dominant factor affecting seedling survival rate. Constant temperature of 28 ℃ and sowing depth of 2 cm are suggested as the most appropriate conditions for seed germination and seedling establishment of M. sprengeri.