Records of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) in China could be traced back to 80s in 16th century, when pepper was introduced from Japan. The pepper spread to the north, west and south from Zhejiang as the starting point. The northbound spreading route was that pepper spread to Shandong through Jiangsu. Although pepper was not accepted by local people in Jiangsu, it was quickly accepted as a condiment to replace Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Shandong, and the name changed from “Fanjiao” to “Qinjiao”. Taking Shandong as the spreading center, pepper spread north to Hebei and Liaoning. Pepper was brought to northeast China by the Modern Shandong Migration. The westbound spreading route was that pepper spread to Tianjin, Shanxi, Henan, Beijing, Gansu, Neimenggu. This is the north China spreading route. The westbound spreading route was going to west from Zhejiang along the Yangtze River. Pepper was not accepted by Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei, but accepted by Hunan. Taking Hunan as the spreading center, pepper spread to Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Shanxi. This route was considered the most influential spreading route along the Yangtze River in China. Pepper was spread to Xinjiang by the soldiers from Hunan Province when ZUO Zongtang recovered Xinjiang. The southbound spreading route was much slower, pepper was spread to Jiangxi and Fujian lately. Capsicum frutescens L. in Taiwan from Netherlands and Capsicum chinense Jacq. in Taiwan from Jakarta Indonesia was spread to Hainan and Yunnan through Fujian.