DNA mixing pool and direct sequencing of PCR products were used to analyze the polymorphism of MC1R exon regions in 8 chicken populations of Chishui Black-Bone Chickens, Taihe Silky Fowl, Xingyi White Chickens, the F2 Xingyi White Chickens, Guizhou Yellow Fast Chickens, Guizhou Yellow Slow Chickens, Luoman Laying Hens and Yaoshan Chickens. The results showed that the sequence of Yaoshan Chickens was identical to that of Red Jungle Fowl without SNPs. The four SNPs of Chishui Black-Bone Chickens were G23A(Arg→His), C69T, T212C and G274A. The eight SNPs of Taihe Silky Fowl were C69T, T212C, G274A, T398C(Leu→Pro), G636A, T637C, A644C(His→Pro) and C834T. Guizhou Yellow Fast Chickens, Guizhou Yellow Slow Chickens and Xingyi White Chickens all had 3 SNPs, A427G(Thr→Ala), G636A and T637C. The 4 SNPs of Luoman Laying Hens were T398A(Leu→Gln), G636A, T637C and C834T. The 4 SNPs of the F2 Xingyi White Chickens were C69T, T212C, G274A and A644C(His→Thr). The bioinformatics analysis found that except for the stability of G274A, T398C, T398A and A644C sites, the stability of the other sites decreased. Except that Taihe Silky Fowl, whose MC1R gene encoding protein was unstable, the other populations’s MC1R protein were stable, and all the proteins from the 7 chicken populations were owing hydrophobic and non-secreted character. The tertiary structure of MC1R protein of Chishui Black-Bone Chickens, Taihe Silky Fowl, Xingyi White Chickens, the F2 Xingyi White Chickens and Luoman Laying Hens were composed of α-helix, β-turn, and random curl.