We collected samples from Zhushuqiao Reservoir in Liuyang city, Hunan province for six times in April, June, August, October, December of 2016 and March of 2017. The samples were subject to analysis of zooplankton and water physical and chemical indicators. The results showed that 102 species of zooplankton were identified in the reservoir, and the amounts of protozoa, rotifer, cladocera, copepoda were 31, 21, 23, 27, respectively. The number of species identified in the sampling surveys in summer, spring, autumn and winter decreased in order. The number of protozoa, rotifers and branch horns dominated in spring, and the copepod dominated in summer. The dominant species were 10 species including Bosmina coregoni, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Moina sp., Moinairrasa, Tintinnopsis sinensis, Calanus sp., etc. The average zooplankton density was 52.27 ind/L with a range of 6.90-304.50 ind./L. The ratios of densities of cladocerans, copepods, protozoa and rotifers in the total zooplankton density decreased in order, and the average biological density of autumn, summer, winter and spring decreased in turn. The annual average total biomass of zooplankton was 2.13 mg/L, the average biomass of cladocerans, copepods, rotifers and protozoa decreased in turn. The zooplankton population category can be divided into 2 groups, subdivided into 3 small groups. The impact of the three indicators, the dissolved oxygen, potassium permanganate index, and ortho phosphorus had significant impact on zooplankton population types. The Shannon's diversity index, evenness index and abundance index were 1.27, 0.56 and 1.53, respectively. The annual average water temperature of Zhushuqiao Reservoir was 21.23 °C, the annual average dissolved oxygen 2.67 mg/L, the annual average transparency 2.09 m, and the annual average pH value 7.45 and the water body generally weakly alkaline, the annual average chlorophyll 18.67 μg/L. And, the annual average potassium permanganate index and the annual average contents of dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ortho phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen were 2.11, 7.32, 0.03, 1.75, 0.02, 0.11 mg/L. Integrating physical and chemical factors of the water body and modified Carlson trophic state index showed that the water body was at moderate pollution and medium-eutrophic level. This indicated that Zhushuqiao Reservoir, as a source of drinking water, require to strengthen the management and regulation for anti-pollution.