In order to characterize the Pueraria lobata fiber, we used chemical method to investigate the chemical composition of annual Pueraria lobate(wild) Ohio stem and cultivated Pueraria thomsonii Benth and P. lobata in Hunan and Jiangxi, and the influence of P. lobate fiber making technology on fiber performance was discussed. The surface morphology and single fiber characteristics of P. lobata fiber were characterized using scanning electron microscope and microscope observation. The results showed that the total dry matter content of P. lobata(wild) Ohio stem was higher than that of P. thomsonii Benth, and the total dry matter content and insoluble fiber content increased with the long-term growth. The indexes of P. thomsonii Benth varied in the sample collected from different regions and varieties. Among the three P. thomsonii Benth collected in December, the contents of crude fat, crude protein, ash and soluble fiber of space P. thomsonii Benth were the highest and those of Jiangxi P. lobata were the lowest. The residual gum rate of P. lobate fiber by alkali treatment was significantly lower than that by natural fermentation, and its breaking strength was larger, and the fiber structure on the surface of P. lobata fiber was clear; the physical and chemical properties of P. lobata fiber by alkali treatment showed obvious differences among regions and varieties, and the breaking strength of P. lobata(wild) Ohio by alkali treatment was higher in general, and P. lobate(wild) fiber and P. thomsonii Benth were have the trend of increasing with the growth of long-term, and the non fiber components such as colloid was 17.5%-33.3%. The fiber content of P. lobata(wild) Ohio was more than 80%, and there was no significant difference in the cellulose content of P.lobata (wild) Ohio during different growth periods. The cellulose content of P. thomsonii Benth was lower than that of P. lobate(wild)Ohio, and the cellulose content of the samples collected in December was significantly lower than that of the samples collected in September. The metric number of single fibers of P. lobate were 3 098.2-3 866.7 m/g, the linear density of single fibers were 2.6-3.2 dtex, and the average diameter and metric number of P. lobata(wild)Ohio were better than those of P. thomsonii Benth; the cellulose content and hemicellulose content of P. lobata fiber were closely related to the physical and chemical properties of single fiber of P. lobata fiber.