In order to explore the molecular mechanism of oxidative stress resistance in pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), the transcription level of a peroxiredoxin gene BxPrx under different concentrations of H2O2 (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 mmol/L) was studied by qRT-PCR. In addition, RNA interference was used to silence the BxPrx gene of pine wood nematode, and the survival rate of BxPrx gene silenced group and un-silenced group under different concentration of hydrogen peroxide treatment was compared. The results showed that the survival rate of pine wood nematode was negatively correlated with the concentration of H2O2. The transcription level of pine wood nematode BxPrx increased under various concentrations of H2O2 stress. The survival rate of pine wood nematode treated with BxPrx gene silencing was significantly lower than that of the control group under H2O2 stress at concentrations of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mmol/L.