施氮量对优质稻产量和稻米品质及氮素利用效率的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(31771766);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100303);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017NK2071);湖南省教育厅重点项目(17A100);湖南农业大学作物学开放基金项目(ZWKF201504)


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    摘要:

    以优质稻桃优香占、隆晶优1号和五优308为材料,研究4个施氮水平0 kg/hm2(CK)、105 kg/hm2(N1)、150 kg/hm2(N2)、195 kg/hm2(N3)对生育期、成穗率、氮素利用效率、产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,N1和N2处理的生育期与对照的生育期一致,但N3处理导致生育期延长3~4 d;随着施氮量增加,水稻氮素积累总量增加,氮素的生产效率和收获指数下降;水稻单株的成穗率、有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率和产量均呈现先增后降的趋势,其中以N2处理的产量最高;适量施氮提高了稻米整精米率,降低了垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量,提高了胶稠度,其中以N2处理的稻米品质最佳。综合本试验结果,桃优香占、隆晶优1号和五优308高产优质化栽培的适宜氮肥用量为150 kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different amount of nitrogen on growth period, percentage of panicle, nitrogen utilization efficiency and the yield and the rice quality of three high quality rices, Taoyouxiangzhan, Longjingyou 1 and Wuyou 308. The result showed that the growth period of N1 and N2 treatments was the same as that of growth period of the control, but N3 treatment led to the prolongation of the growth period. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the total nitrogen accumulation in rice increased, while the nitrogen production efficiency and harvest index decreased, and the per plant panicle rate, the number of panicles, the grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and yield increased first and then decreased. Among the treatment, the yield of N2 treatment was the highest. The results also showed all nitrogen application increased the whole rice rate, reduced chalkiness rate, chalkiness and amylose content, increased the gel consistency. N2 treatment had the highest rice quality. Three cultivars shared the same trend. Therefore, we concluded that the suitable nitrogen application rate for high yield and high quality cultivation of Taoyouxiangzhan, Longjingyou 1 and Wuyou 308 should be 150 kg/hm2.

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张桂莲,赵瑞,刘逸童,姚博文,唐文帮.施氮量对优质稻产量和稻米品质及氮素利用效率的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2019,45(3):.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-06-25
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