In August of 2016, one kind of fish was collected at Huanglong Cave, Wulingyuan, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. The detailed morphology of the 10 specimens were observed, measured and counted and then they were identified as a Parasinilabeo fish subordinating to Labeoninae. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was amplified with PCR technology and the sequenced were compared with the National Center for Biotechnology Information Database, the United States. The results showed that the genetic distance between the studied species and Parasinilabeo longiventralis, Parasinilabeo longicorpus and Parasinilabeo assimilis were 0.5%, 1.6%–1.8% and 1.9%, respectively. Compared with the above–mentioned three kinds of fishes in morphology, it was closest to Parasinilabeo longiventralis, but owing smaller individual sizes and less number of fin by 1–2. According to the molecular and morphological data, it was identified as Parasinilabeo longiventralis, which was a new record in Hunan province. After preliminary analysis of the distribution area and living environment, the Parasinilabeo longiventralis should be a seasonal cave fish that inhabits the karst region in the subtropical monsoon wet climate zone.