To understand the geographical range expansion of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (L. oryzophilus), a rice weevil, in Hunan province, inter–simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers, mitochondrial COⅠgene and ITS2 sequence were examined to investigate the genetic diversity and expansion model of 17 geographic populations. The results showed that mitochondrial COⅠgene and ITS2 sequence were both conservative in different individuals, which was inapropriate for effective polymophism analysis. However, the percentage of polymorphic bands of ISSR of populations reaches to 93.24%. After further analyzing, we found that Nei’s gene diversity index (H) was 0.363 0, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) among populations was 0.414 3. There was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. The morphological differentiation of L. oryzophilus is not in conformity with the geographical isolation mode in Hunan province, indicating the rapid spread of rice water weevil in Hunan province was mainly related to artificial transport and less related to natural factors.