In the present study, a total of 23 HSF genes from common buckwheat genome were identified by using a systematic Blastp search. Gene structure analysis showed that 23 HSF genes contain intron and the intron number of most of these genes was one. Multiple alignment of protein sequences analysis indicated that all HSF proteins contain the conserved DNA–binding domain(DBD) and no conserved oligomerization domain(OD). Conserved motif analysis found that 10 conserved motifs with a range of 11 to 62 amino acids existed in common buckwheat HSF proteins, and motif 1, 2 and 3 represent DBD domain. With the exception of FeHSF13, FeHSF14 and FeHSF18 were located in both nucleus and cytoplasm, and the other 20 FeHSF proteins were located in nucleus. Potential phosphorylation sites analysis indicated that all HSF proteins contain Ser and Thr phosphorylation site, and some proteins also include Tyr phosphorylation site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 23 HSF genes were divided into three classes (A, B and C), and further subdivided into 10 subclasses (A1, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A9, B3, B4 and C).