Compared to the natural pollination of Shuijing pummelo, the Guanxi pummelo pollen, acted as a male parent, was artificially pollinated to Shuijing pummelo for understanding its pollen xenia effect on Shuijing pummelo via observation these indicators of fruit–setting rate, fruit growth rate, fruit physical and chemical character of Shuijing pummelo in the study. The results showed that: 1) Artificial pollination could improve 37.80% of fruit rate for Shuijing pummelo; 2) Artificial pollination could improve the fruit growth rate both on longitudinal and transverse diameter to certain extent, and reduce the fruit shape index, fruit–base length and the ratio of fruit–base length in fruit longitudinal diameter; 3) Artificial pollination significantly changed the central column shape and width. The central column shape of artificial pollination fruit was solid, the natural pollination fruit, on the contrast, was hollow; and the central column width of artificial pollination fruit was less than that of natural pollination fruit at the same position at upper, middle and lower, and the width were respectively reduced by 34.79% in upper, 32.17% in middle and 60.77% in lower; 4) The artificial pollination significantly reduced the fruit–base length which was (3.63±0.52) cm, while, that of the natural pollination fruit was (4.71±0.58) cm; 5) The artificial pollination also significantly improved the edible fruit rate with 18.35%. It is worth noting that there was no significantly difference in the content of soluble solids and titratable acid between the fruit of artificial and natural pollination.