To study the spatial distribution characteristics of exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents of tobacco–growing soil in Longshan and its influencing factors. Using the technology of global positioning system (GPS), 300 representative soil samples from Longshan were collected to analyze the spatial distribution of soil exchangeable Ca, Mg contents and Ca/Mg ratios, as well as their influencing factors. The results were as follows: The average content of exchangeable calcium in soil was 7.95 cmol/kg ranging from 0.25 to 25.62 cmol/kg, and exchangeable calcium contents in 30.14% of the soil samples were in the appropriate level (6.00–10.00 cmol/kg); the average content of exchangeable magnesium in soil was 1.68 cmol/kg ranging from 0.02 to 5.74 cmol/kg, and exchangeable magnesium contents in only 15.38% of the soil samples were in the appropriate level (1.00–11.50 cmol/kg); the average value of Ca/Mg ratios was 7.63 ranging from1.99 to 84.76, and Ca/Mg ratios in 25.34% of the soil samples of were in the appropriate level (5–10)。 The exchangeable calcium content in soil was extremely significantly influenced by altitude, pH, soil parent material and soil texture, and significantly influenced by terrain. The content of exchangeable magnesium in soil was extremely significantly influenced by altitude, pH, terrain, soil parent material and soil texture. Ca/Mg ratios was extremely significantly influenced by altitude, and significantly influenced by terrain.