A soybean variety (Glycine max(L.) Merr.), Guichundou 103, was used as material and 3 treatments of soybean monoculture, sugarcane-soybean intercropping (short for intercropping) and sugarcane intercropping soybean with plastic mulch (short for mulch) were designed to study the effect of sugarcane-soybean intercropping and mulch on growth, yield and quality of soybean. The result indicated that the seedlings emergence speed of the intercropping was the greatest; the dry matter weights of plant of the mulch were 20.99 g/plant and 28.16 g/plant at seed-filling period and maturation stage respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. The dry matter weights of pod of the mulch were the greatest at the whole growth stage; chlorophyll contents of the mulch were significantly higher than those of the monoculture at seed-filling period and maturation stage, but were not significantly difference with the intercropping; the root activities of the mulch were significantly higher than those of the other treatments at podding stage, seed-filling period and maturation stage; the N contents of the mulch were the greatest at the whole growth and were significantly higher than those of the other treatments at seed-filling period and maturation stage, while the contents of P and K of the intercropping were the greatest; the fresh pod weight of single plant and the dry bean weight of single plant of the mulch were 38.33 g and 10.55 g respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. The dry bean yields of the monoculture, the intercropping and the mulch were 1 621.41, 627.90 and 743.85 kg/hm2, respectively. The difference of total protein content and total fat content were not significant among the treatments.