15 sugarcane genotypes，which 8 from Yunnan (CYZ06–407, CYZ05–226, CYZ04–622, CYZ04–724, CYZ03–258, CYZ03–103, CYZ02–588 and CYZ01–1413), 3 from Taiwan(ROC22, ROC16 and ROC10), 2 from Guangdong (CYT93–159 and CYT00–236), 1 from Guangxi (CGT11)and 1 from Cuba(C266–70), were used as materials. 2 Treatments of irrigated and rain-fed conditions were designed and 10 agronomic and quality traits including cane yield, stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk weight, number of millable stalk, sugar yield, sucrose content, brix, simple purity and fiber content were measured during maturity under irrigated and rain–fed conditions. Drought resistance index (DRI), correlation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering analysis were used to study the correlation of agronomic and quality traits of sugarcane and evaluate the drought resistance and classify drought resistance type. The result showed that sugar yield was closely linked to cane yield (P<0.01), number of millable stalks (P<0.01) and stalk weight (P<0.05) under both conditions. Significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) was found between sugar yield and stalk height under the rain–fed condition. Sugar yield was significantly positively related to sucrose content (P<0.05), but was significantly negatively related to fiber content (P<0.05) under irrigation conditions. 10 traits of agronomic and quality were simplified into 4 principal elements by principal component analysis, which provided 86.287% contribution. Based on the results of principal component, the drought resistance of 15 sugarcane genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters: super strong (C266–70), stronger(CYZ03–258 and CYZ04–622), strong(CGT11 and ROC22), medium (CYT00–236, CYZ03–103, CYZ04–724, CYZ02–588, CYZ05–226 and ROC16) and weak( CYZ01–1413, CYT93– 159, CYZ06–407 and ROC10 ).