25 samples of Vitis (21 from Hunan province, 1 from Fujian province, 3 from Jiangxi province) were used as materal, the characteristics of leaf, flower, fruit, and seed as index, to analyze the 16 classification traits by the variation and principal components analysis of taxonomic traits. The results showed that three groups of the Vitis, Lixian–4 and Jishou–1, Lixian–5 and Jishou–3, Zhijiang 60Co and Wangcheng, had the same foliar morphological codes of three lobed margin or entire, while the other Vitis had different foliar morphological codes. According to the ratio of polar and equatorial axis and ovary morphology, the ovary of male flower had a shape of degraded and irregularly, while the ovaries of bisexual and female flowers had four categories in morphology, namely narrow conical, narrower conical, wide conical and wider conical, which the wide conical was the majority. The Vitis had big difference in cluster weight and berry weight, the berries were round, the pericarp colors were green and pink, purple and dark purple. The seed of the Vitis was long oval with no horizontal furrow. Acorrding to the variation analysis of taxonomic traits, the variation range of 16 classification traits was 5.03% to 28.52%, the average variation coefficient was 12.46%, which berry weight was the greatest (28.57%), while the seed length was the smallest (5.03%). According to principal components analysis, the morphological characters of fruit grain was the first, the second and third was the shape of the leaf and the fourth was the morphological characters of seed. The total contribution of the four ingredients was 83.168%.