Sugarcane family evaluation with 108 of 2013–2014 hybridized combinations was conducted for one plant crop and one ratoon crop. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool and brix were investigated in both plant cane and ratoon cane, while weight per stool and brix weight per stool were measured only in plant cane. Genetic variation and genetic parameters of all traits were analyzed, and the families were evaluated by comprehensive index method. The results showed that stalk height in plant and ratoon, stalk diameter in plant and ratoon, stalk number per stool in plant, brix in plant and ratoon, weight per stool and brix weight per stool were significantly different among the families. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool of plant crop performed higher level of broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic than those in ratoon crop. But there were no significantly difference in broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic of brix between plant crop and ratoon crop. Analysis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation showed that weight per stool was significantly correlated with brix weight per stool. Fifteen elite families including Zhanzhe74–141×CP72–1210, Guitang05–3081× Yuetang91– 976, Yunzhe02–588×ROC22, Funong39×Guitang03–1229, Guitang02–901×Guitang03–2357, Guitang05–2743× Guitang03– 1229, Guitang92–66×ROC22, Dezhe93–88×ROC22, Guitang05–3445×Guitang03–2309, Yuetang00–319× CP72–1210, Guitang03–3089×ROC22, Yuetang91–976×CP84–1198, Yuefu90–95×CP72–1210, Yunzhe99–601×Guitang 00–122, Yuetang00–236×ROC22 were selected based on comprehensive index method, and weight per stool and brix weight per stool showed greater genetic gain. The families selected by comprehensive index selection were not completely the same as the families selected by brix weight per stool, the rank correlation coefficient of thefamilies selected from comprehensive index selection and brix weight per stool selection was 0.748 (P<0.01).