In order to explore the mechanism controlling constant temperature and the evolution rule of temperature in the hive and bee colonies, a new temperature acquisition system is designed to monitor the temperature in the whole beehive. The monitoring system is composed of a temperature acquisition circuit, an embedded microprocessor, a Zigbee module and a host computer monitor terminal. The NTC thermistors are used as the temperature sensors installing between the nest foundation in an array to make a full measurement and collection of hive temperature. The microprocessor is placed out of the hive to control a multiplexer and an A/D converter. The data is then transmitted through the Zigbee wireless network and is saved by the monitoring terminal software developed by using C language on the basis of Visual Studio software platform. The experiment results show that the system was operating normally under the nature environment. The temperature from 2 880 cells of one single hive, more than 90% of which was covered, is obtained within 105 seconds, which is low than 0.5 ℃ compared with the actual temperature in the hive.