46 rice cultivars (lines), such as Xiangzhijing, Qifengzhan, Yuxiangyouzhan, which from Changsha and Huizhou were used as materials to test the rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) profile characteristics and their relationship with protein content. The results were as follows: the differences of RVA profile characteristics between different rice cultivars (lines) were highly significant in Changsha and Huizhou. The order of variation coefficient of RVA profile characteristics of the rice varieties in the two areas were setback, breakdown, consistency, final viscosity, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, peak time, pasting temperature. Variation coefficients of setback and breakdown were 137.7% and 48.3% in Changsha, 71.3% and 63.1% in Huizhou. The correlation coefficient between the final viscosity and the consistency of the rice in Changsha was 0.952, the final viscosity and the trough viscosity coefficient of Huizhou was 0.908. The protein content of rice in Changsha and Huizhou had a highly significant negative correlation with the peak viscosity and breakdown, and a significantly positive or highly significant positive correlation with setback. Thus, The peak viscosity, breakdown, setback can be used as the reference index of improving eating quality and nutritional quality of rice. The efficiency of evaluating rice eating and nutrition quality can be improved by replacing determinations of amylose and protein contents with determination of RVA value.