In Heihe area of Heilongjiang, the site factors and the stands factors of 110 sample plots (22 sub-compartment) in Larix gmelinii Kuzenneva forest were investigated from 2011 to 2013, the biodiversity index were calculated to analysis the effects of these factors on the average population density of Coleophora obducta Meyrick (C. obducta Meyrick). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests showed that the average population density of C. obducta Meyrick was significantly influenced by site factors such as slope position, slope aspect, gradient of slope and site elevation (P<0.05). Canopy density and forest types showed significant influence on the average population of C. obducta Meyrick (P<0.05). However, the age of stands showed no significant influence on the average population of C. obducta Meyrick (P>0.05). The average population density of C. obducta Meyrick in those stands situated at down segment of hillslope, middle segment of hillslope, shady slope, steep hill was comparatively low. Stands with larger canopy density or stands mixed mainly by Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. have a low average population density of C. obducta Meyrick as well. Site elevation and age of stands both showed no regular influence on the average population density of C. obducta Meyrick. The results of principal component analysis and multiple regression indicated that slope aspect and forest type demonstrated a positive impact on the average population density of C. obducta Meyrick, but slope position, gradient of slope, site elevation, canopy density, age of forest, Simpson index and Shannon–Wiener index of woody plant demonstrated a negative impact.