In order to find out the correlation between peroxidase(POD) activity and defoliation rate for sugarcane, peroxidaseactivities of leaf, leaf sheath and leaf scar were measured and natural defoliation rate was investigated for four sugarcane varieties during maturation. The results showed that the POD activities of leaf, leaf sheath and leaf scar in easy-defoliate sugarcane variety CYZ03–194 were very significantly higher than those in difficult-defoliate varieties CGT02–467 and CYZ99–91 in different maturing period. POD activities of leaf, leaf sheath in the easy-defoliate variety CYZ01–1413 were significantly higher than thoes in the difficult-defoliate varieties GT02–467 and CYZ99–91 at the early-middle, middle, and late maturation. During the sugarcane maturity, natural defoliation rates were showed decreased from CYZ03–194, CYZ01–1413, CGT02–467 and CYZ99–91. The significant correlations were found between natural defoliation rate and the POD activity in both leaf and leaf sheath during early-middle maturation, and a very significant correlation during middle-late maturation, and significant correlation in leaf scar during maturation.