Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of quinclorac by three types of minerals with different composition. Methods of FTIR and XRD analysis were employed to explain the functional mechanism between quinclorac and minerals. The results showed that：1)The adsorption of quinclorac by three minerals were included in both rapid stage and slow equilibrium stage. The adsorption kinetics consisted with the pseudo-second-order equation, the particle diffusion equation, and Elovich equations, and among of them, fitting from the pseudo-second-order was the best. In addition, it was indicated that the speed of particle diffusion was not a sole factor judged from the nonzero constant c in the particle diffusion equation. 2)The isotherms of quinclorac adsorption by these minerals were well described by linear and Freundlich equation. 3)It was showed from FTIR analysis that adsorption of quinclorac by kaolinite was via hydrogen bond, charge dipolar bond, complexation, and charge transfer. While, the adsorption by zeolite and sepiolite was depend on H–bond, charge dipolar bond and complexation. 4) The analysis from XRD showed that the adsorption of quinclorac only occurred on the surface of sepiolite, and unreached its interlayer, while the adsorption by kaolinite and zeolite not only occurred on the surface but reached their interlayer.