A total of 132 true hybrids from reciprocal cross between Saccharum. robustum 57NG208 and fruit sugarcane of Nanjian were used to study the genetic variation of their descendants by means of SSR markers and parameters of plant height (PH), stalk diameter (SD), millable stalks per stool (MSS), Brix and single stalk weight (SSW). The result indicated that the genetic similarity (GS) among 66 hybrids descendants directly crossed from 57NG208 and Nanjian ranged from 0.227 to 0.955 , with average of 0.618, while, the back cross ranged from 0.206 to 0.995, with average of 0.593; the coefficient of variance (CV) from MSS was the highest (over 50%), followed by SSW (over 33%), the next was SD (14%–16%), and the lowest was Brix and PH (below 11%); the genetic transmitting ability from MSS and Brix were over 100%, followed by PH and SD which were about 80%, it was lowest of SSW which was below 70% for; Two traits Brix and MSS for hybrids descendants were higher than those of parents, and the values of 4 traits like PH, SD, Brix and SSW which were from descendants crossed by 57NG208 and Nanjian and were higher than those of back cross generation.