A small-sized seed pneumatic cylinder-seeder which adopts negative pressure to adsorb and positive pressure to blow seeds was designed for available seed metering device at present exhibiting sowing difficulty caused by adsorption affinity to the seed exceeding its gravity. Rape (sphere) and sesame (pancake) seeds were selected to test and verify the adaptability of the seeder based on pass percentage of seeding considering rotation rate, adsorbing pressure, blowing pressure, amplitude of vibration. The result of orthogonal tests indicated that the seeder can be used for precision planting of sphere and pancake seeds, the pass percentage of seeding reached 90% with seeding result of sphere seeds superior to pancake seeds. Negative pressure showed the biggest influence on the pass percentage of rape seeding, followed by amplitude of vibration, rotational speed; and positive pressure and for sesame seeding rotational speed showed the biggest influence followed by amplitude of vibration, positive pressure and negative pressure.