In view of the traditional acquisition means of crop growth environment data being poor real-time, high labor intensity, and considering the high cost, poor openability, of deployment of micro automatic weather stations and commercial Zigbee products , we have designed and realized a rape growth environment data acquisition system based on WSN . putting forward the lightweight energy-aware routing protocol CLFP, and giving the related design method of hardware and software. The simulation and field experiment, have shown that the temperature acquisition system accuracy can reach 0.01 ℃, humidity measurement precision is up to ± 5%, intensity collection range of light is up to 1~65 535 lx, data transmission routes can be up to 36, which can satisfy the high measurement requirements for agricultural environmental data. with the nominal power supply, the real effective working cycle of the system is more than 142 days, by taking the AT89C51 and nRF2401 as the basic hardware platform, the system is of low cost, which contributes to its large-scale deployment and application.