The main components of camellia testa were determined by chemical analysis after processed with different methods. The microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that moisture, ash, fat protein, reducing sugar, camellia saponin, hemicellulose, cellulose and content were 11.07%, 1.02%, 2.53%, 2.70%, 1.59%, 10.68%, 22.00%, 17.32% and 31.35% in camellia testa, respectively. The main components of tested camellia testa were changed to some extent. SEM result showed that the cell-wall of camellia testa was mainly composed of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin. The structure of cell-wall showed layers’ structure, with hemicellulose in the inner layer, cellulose in the middle and lignin in the outer layer.