By testing the mount of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid of 30 samples of camellia seeds and their hyperspectral reflectance, this paper analyzed correlation between camellia aliphatic acid amount and their hyperspectral reflectance by means of quantitative analysis. The result showed that the hyperspectral bands that had a close connection with the correlation of aliphatic acid of camellia seed were particularly located in the 400–500 nm, 600–630 nm, and 900 nm. In addition,in the sensitive hyperspectral bands, all the correlation coefficients between the hyperspectral reflectance and the aliphatic acid amount were more than 0.4.