The six Australian Q sugarcane varieties Q117, Q121, Q138, Q141, Q165 and Q170 were crossed with 17 parent varieties / clones developed in China and their hybridization generated 19 families. Of the 19 families ROC22 (CK1) and ROC10 (CK2) were chosen as two controls. We studied the heritability and general combining ability of the main characters of stalk diameter, plant height, millable stalks, pith percentage, stool weight and sugar yield of Q varieties and the contro varieties by means of family traits evaluation method. The results showed that, pistil parents, pollen parents and cross combination affected main traits of offspring populations very significantly except for the traits such as millable stalks and sugar yield by pistil parents, and sugar yield by pollen parents; The heritability on stalk diameter and plant height by Q varieties and the control varieties were 75.49% and 69.21%, respectively; The general combining ability of Q165 and Q121 for brix were higher than that of the control varieties; The general combining ability of Q varieties or SCA of the cross combinations for millable stalks were higher than of the two control varieties; there were positive general combining ability for stool weight and sugar yield of the offspring populations hybridized by Q117 and Q138 as pistil parents or Q170 as pollen parents; The special combining ability for stool weight and sugar yield shared by the families Q138×CYR05–458, CYR05–662×Q170 and Q165×CYR05–282 were higher than that of the two control varieties.