Based on traditional principles and methods of statistics and geostatistics, variogram analysis and estimation of spatial interpolation were employed to study the nutrients nitrogen content, the spatial variability of available phosphorus content, available potassium, organic matter content and its distribution characteristics on statistical samples taken from the mountainous terrain in Haoshan township and the hilly terrain in Dukou township in Anren county, Hunan province. The article had also studied the influnce on interpolation precisions for four groups of samples with different topographic conditions and sampling densities. and the results showed that the soil nutrient coefficient of variation ranges between 16.56% and 97.9%, which fell under the medium variation category. The substrate effect of the Alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter was lower than 25% in mountainous area, while that of Organic matters and alkaline nitrogen matter fell within a range of 38.15%–74.45% in hilly area. On the other hand, the substrate effects of available phosphorus in both regions were in range of 88.44% –100%. According to the study on the spatial variability of soil nutrient, it was concluded that the sampling density should be 0.16/hm2 in mountain terrain, and 0.10/hm2 in hilly terrain, respectively.