Miscanthus, as one of the most promising energy plant, has attracted considerable attention in the European and American countries in recent years. China is a distribution center of Miscanthus species and their germplasms are very abundant. Exploiting and utilizing these Miscanthus germplasms can promote the development of bioenergy industry in China. In this article, the classification, distribution and biological characteristics of Miscanthus were introduced; the advantages and the method for using Miscanthus as energy plant, and the related current research situation at home and abroad were reviewed; the prospect for the development of Miscanthus as energy crop in China was also indicated.